Information about the opera
LA VERA COSTANZA. DRAMMA GIOCOSO PER MUSICA DA RAPPRESENTARSI AL TEATRO D'ESTERHAZ LA PRIMAVERA 1779.
Georg August Griesinger assumed that La vera costanza was a work commissioned by the Imperial Court in Vienna as early as 1776 and that, due to uncertainties regarding the cast, it did not take place. However, there is no evidence for this theory. Thus, the occasion remains unknown.
Im Premierenjahr 1779 zählte La vera costanza 21 Aufführungen. Bei der Wiederaufnahme 1785 und der damit einhergehenden Notwendigkeit der Rekonstruktion bzw. Neukomposition großer Teile der Partitur erlebte die Oper zwischen 1785 und 1786 weitere 20 Aufführungen. Addiert man also die 21 Aufführungen der "Urfassung" von 1779 hinzu, erhält man die unglaubliche Zahl von 41 Aufführungen, die nur von der Armida mit 54 Aufführungen überboten wurde. Festzuhalten gilt es an dieser Stelle, dass La vera costanza und Armida die letzten eigenen Opern waren, die Haydn parallel im Spielplan führte. Und ganz klar lässt sich ein Einfluss der Armida in der rekonstruierten Fassung der La vera costanza feststellen.
La vera costanza - Dramma giocoso per musica
Editor: Horst Walter; Reihe XXV, Band 8;
1976, G. Henle Verlag München
Der Originalautograph wurde wohl beim Opernhaus-Brand vernichtet. Für die Wiederaufnahme 1785 erstellte Haydn eine neue Partitur.
Es liegt letztendlich im eigenen Ermessen, La vera costanza als eine Komposition aus dem Jahre 1778/1779 oder als eine (vollkommen; je nach Sichtweise) neue Komposition von 1785 zu sehen.
Am 18. November 1779 wurde im Zuge des Theaterbrandes das gesamte Aufführungsmaterial zur Oper La vera costanza vernichtet. Da die Oper noch einige Tage zuvor gegeben wurde, befand sich das gesamte Material im Theater. Man muss davon ausgehen, dass diese Oper die einzige ist, deren Autograph (jenes von 1779) nicht einmal in Teilen vorhanden ist.
Die "rekonstruierte" Partitur:
Die Ausgangslage: Das Autograph von 1779 und das von Leopold Dichtler hergestellte Aufführungsmaterial, ebenfalls von 1779, sind also nicht erhalten. Als nun 1785 diese Oper wieder aufgenommen werden sollte, erstellte Haydn eine neue Partitur. Dabei gingen ihm zwei Kopisten zur Hand. Was konnte nun rekonstruiert werden und was wurde womöglich neu komponiert?
- Die Sinfonia Nr.1: Eine dreiteilige Sinfonia wurde schon 1783 bei Artaria veröffentlicht. Aus dem dritten Teil, der auch ursprünglich aus der Introduktion entnommen wurde, fertigte Haydn später wieder die Introduktion an. Diese Sinfonia wurde von Kopisten angefertigt. Hier tritt nur ein Fagott in Erscheinung, wie auch bei der Nr. 24, gemäß der Orchesterbesetzung von 1779. Das spricht für die authentische Urfassung.
- Nr. 4, die Arie der Baronessa Non s’innalza, non stride sdegnosa, wurde auch von einem Kopisten basierend auf einer authentischen Quelle notiert.
- Nr. 24a und b, das Acc.-Rez. Misera, chi m’aiuto und die Arie Dove fuggo der Rosina, konnten offenbar ebenfalls anhand authentischer Quellen von einem Kopisten niedergeschrieben werden. Auch hier bleibt vorerst das eine Fagott erhalten.
- Im Falle der Nr. 28 (VIII Szene), des Acc.-Rez. und der Arie des Conte Errico Ah non m’inganno bediente sich Haydn einer Vertonung Anfossis aus seiner gleichnamigen Oper. In einer späteren von Haydn durchgesehen Abschrift verschwindet diese Nummer Anfossis wieder, ersatzlos!
- Die XI Szene der Rosina, das Acc.-Rez. Nr. 30a Eccomi giunta al colmo und die Arie 30b Care spiagge, selve addio waren ebenfalls als Abschrift des Kopisten Elßler vorhanden. Auch diese Szene notierten Kopisten.
Den Großteil der Partitur hat aber Haydn selbst rekonstruiert oder gar neu komponiert, insgesamt 28 Nummern. In welcher Intensität eine Neukomposition bzw. nur eine Rekonstruktion vollzogen wurde, lässt sich nicht genau eruieren.
Vergleiche mit früheren Skizzen zeigen bei den Rezitativen einige Neukompositionen, bei anderen Nummern wiederum größtenteils Übereinstimmung.
- Sicher neu komponiert wurden folgende Rezitative: Nr. 3, Nr. 5, Nr. 7, Nr. 9, Nr. 11 und Nr. 27
- Die Introduktion Nr. 2 bzw. Arien Nr. 8, Nr. 12 und das I. Finale Nr. 16 stimmen großteils mit den Skizzen überein.
Damit bleiben doch viele Nummern über, deren Kompositionsdatum nicht klar zuordenbar ist: 1778/1779 oder 1785.
Haydn ging bei den (Neu)Kompositionen wie folgt vor: Er notierte zuerst die Singstimme neben den obligatorischen Angaben (Besetzung, Tonart etc.). Die Instrumentierung erfolgte im nächsten Schritt. Und diese Instrumentierung war mit vielen Korrekturen versehen. Das sieht nicht nach Abschrift aus!
Persons

Persons
Joseph Haydn | opera conductor |
Pietro Travaglia | interim theatre director |
Pietro Travaglia | set designer, equipment, lighting |
Hieronymus Bon | theatre painter |
Basilius Grundmann | scenic painter |
Johann Schellinger | prompter |
Joseph Elßler | copist |
tenor | |
soprano | |
soprano | |
altus | |
bass | |
tenor | |
soprano | |
tenor | |
soprano | |
tenor | |
soprano | |
soprano |
Joseph Haydn | opera conductor |
Nunziato Porta | impresario |
Pietro Travaglia | set designer, equipment, lighting |
Basilius Grundmann | scenic painter |
Hieronymus Bon | theatre painter |
Johann Schellinger | prompter, copist |
Joseph Elßler | copist |
Tenor | |
Sopran | |
Tenor | |
Bass | |
Bass | |
Sopran | |
Sopran | |
Sopran | |
Tenor | |
Sopran | |
Tenor | |
Bass | |
Sopran | |
Tenor | |
Bass |
Il Conte Errico | Giovine volubite e stravaganta, sposo segreto di Rosina | tenor |
Rosina | Pescatrice virtuosa e di spirito | soprano |
La Baronessa Irene | Zia del Conte, amante d’Ernesto | soprano |
Il Marchese Ernesto | Amico del Conte | tenor |
Villotto | Villano ricco, ma sciocco, destinato sposo di Rosina | bass |
Lisetta | Cameriera della Baronessa, amante non corrisposta di Masino | soprano |
Masino | Capo de' pescatori, fratello di Rosina | tenor |
Fassung 1779:
Il Conte Errico | Giovine volubite e stravaganta, sposo segreto di Rosina | |
Rosina | Pescatrice virtuosa e di spirito | |
La Baronessa Irene | Zia del Conte, amante d’Ernesto | |
Il Marchese Ernesto | Amico del Conte | |
Villotto | Villano ricco, ma sciocco, destinato sposo di Rosina | |
Lisetta | Cameriera della Baronessa, amante non corrisposta di Masino | |
Masino | Capo de' pescatori, fratello di Rosina |
Tutti nel attual Servizio di S. A. il Prencipe Nicolo Esterhazy di Galantha.
COMPARSE
Il piccolo figlio di Rosina. Marinari.
La Poesia e del Sigr. Francesco Puttini.
La Musica e del Sigr. Giuseppe Hayden Maestro de Capella di S. A. il Prencipe.
Inventare, e Pittore delle Scene, II Sigr. Pietro Travaglia alivo de Sign. Galliari.
Fassung 1785 (Vermutete Besetzung / Personaggi):
Il Conte Errico | Giovine volubite e stravaganta, sposo segreto di Rosina | |
Rosina | Pescatrice virtuosa e di spirito | |
La Baronessa Irene | Zia del Conte, amante d’Ernesto | |
Il Marchese Ernesto | Amico del Conte | |
Villotto | Villano ricco, ma sciocco, destinato sposo di Rosina | |
Lisetta | Cameriera della Baronessa, amante non corrisposta di Masino | |
Masino | Capo de' pescatori, fratello di Rosina |
1779: 1|2|0|1 – 2|0 – 0 – str.
1785: 1|2|0|2 – 2|0 – 0 – str.
1779: 1|2|0|1 – 2|0 – 0 – str.
1785: 1|2|0|2 – 2|0 – 0 – str.
1779: 1|2|0|1 – 2|0 – 0 – str.(5|3|2|1|2)
1785: 1|2|0|2 – 2|0 – 0 – str.(5|4|2|2|2)
1779:
flute | Zacharias Hirsch |
oboe | Anton Poschwa, Zacharias Pohl |
basoon | Caspar Peczival |
horn | Johann Hollerrieder, Martin Rupp |
violin/viola | Luigi Tomasini (cm), Antonio Rossetti, Joseph Hofmann, Francesco Ripamonti, Antonio Polzelli, Joseph Dietzl, Franz Pauer, Joseph Oliva, Joseph Purcksteiner (viola), Christian Specht (viola) |
violoncello | Anton Kraft |
Kontrabass | Johann Dietzl, Carl Schiringer |
1785:
flute | Zacharias Hirsch |
oboe | Anton Mayer, Joseph Czerwenka |
basoon | Joseph Steiner, Franz Czerwenka oder Caspar Peczival |
horn | Natale Chiesa, Johann Hörmann |
violin/viola | Luigi Tomasini (cm), Franz Mraf, Johann Tost, Joseph Hofmann, Antonio Polzelli, Joseph Dietzl, Franz Pauer, Joseph Oliva, Christian Specht (viola), Joseph Purcksteiner (viola) |
violoncello | Anton Kraft, Valentin Bertoja |
double bass | Johann Dietzl, Carl Schiringer |
Libretto

Libretto
Haydn’s libretto is based on Francesco Puttini’s libretto for Pasquale Anfossi’s opera ‘La vera costanza’, which premiered in Rome in 1776, and which was then performed in Vienna in 1777.15 Haydn or the unknown arranger shortened the original by twelve scenes and also changed two scenes.
ATTO PRIMO
Spiaggia di mare terminata dall'orizzonte, e lateralmente ingombrata di folti alberi, fra' quali diverse rustiche e capanne pescarecce.
ATTO SECONDO
Cortile nel castello di Belmonte.
Sala.
ATTO TERZO
Sala.
Opera parts

Opera parts
1. | Sinfonia | ||
ATTO PRIMO | |||
SCENA I | |||
2. |
Introduzione Rosina, Masino, Baronessa, Ernesto, Lisetta, Villotto Che burrasca, che tempesta |
||
3. |
Recitativo Masino, Baronessa, Ernesto, Rosina, Lisetta, Villotto S'è lecito, signora |
||
4. | Aria Baronessa Non s'innalza, non stride sdegnosa | ||
SCENA II | |||
5. | Recitativo Rosina, Villotto, Masino In qual cimento, oh Dio | ||
6. | Aria Masino So che una bestia sei | ||
SCENA III | |||
7. | Recitativo Villotto, Conte Oh questa si ch'e bella | ||
SCENA IV | |||
(Recitativo) Rosina, Lisetta Dunque la Baronessa | |||
8. | Aria Rosina Con un tenero sospiro | ||
SCENA V | |||
9. | Recitativo Villotto, Conte, Masino, Ernesto Evviva allegramente | ||
SCENA VI | |||
(Recitativo) Baronessa, Lisetta, Rosina, Masino, Ernesto, Villotto, Conte Ecco, Rosina mia |
|||
10. | Aria Villotto Non sparate | ||
SCENA VII | |||
11. |
Recitativo Baronessa, Conte, Rosina, Lisetta, Ernesto Vanne, sciocco balordo |
||
SCENA VIII | |||
(Recitativo) Masino, Lisetta Non so dove mi sia | |||
12. | Aria Lisetta Io son poverina | ||
SCENA IX | |||
13. | Recitativo Conte, Rosina Ah ehe già sono ormai | ||
SCENA X | |||
(Recitativo) Villotto, Conte, Rosina Pure alfin l'ho trovata | |||
14a. | Recitativo accompagnato Conte Mira il campo | ||
14b. | Aria Conte A trionfar t'invita. | ||
SCENA XI | |||
15. | Recitativo Villotto, Rosina, Masino Ecco che siamo, o cara | ||
16. | Finale Imo Rosina, Villotto, Masino Ah che divenni stupida | ||
SCENA XII | |||
(Finale Imo) Baronessa, Ernesto, Rosina, Villotto, Masino Bel godere la campagna |
|||
SCENA XIII | |||
(Finale Imo) Lisetta, Villotto, Masino Salvati, fuggi | |||
SCENA XIV | |||
(Finale Imo) Conte, Rosina Dov'è, dov'è l'indegno? | |||
SCENA XV | |||
(Finale Imo) Baronessa, Ernesto, Villotto, Rosina, Conte, Lisetta, Masino Che miro, Rosina? |
|||
(Finale Imo) Rosina, Baronessa, Lisetta, Conte, Ernesto, Masino, Villotto Ah per la pena, per il timore |
|||
ATTO SECONDO | |||
17. | Recitativo Baronessa, Ernesto Eben, che dici adesso | ||
SCENA II | |||
(Recitativo) Villotto, Ernesto lo non ne posso più | |||
SCENA III | |||
(Recitativo) Ernesto, Rosina, Masino, Villotto Vieni, Rosina, appunto | |||
18. | Duetto Masino, Villotto Massima filosofica | ||
19. | Recitativo Villotto Senti Masino | ||
SCENA IV | |||
(Recitativo) Ernesto, Rosina, Baronessa, Conte, Lisetta, Villotto Ah Rosina crudel |
|||
20. | Aria Ernesto Per pietà vezzosi rai | ||
SCENA V | |||
21. | Recitativo Rosina, Baronessa, Conte Che destino crudel! | ||
22. |
(Coro) Baronessa, Rosina, Conte, Lisetta, Villotto Va, pettegola insolente |
||
SCENA VI | |||
23. | Recitativo Rosina, Masino Ma che ingiustizia è questa! | ||
24a. | Recitativo accompagnato Rosina Misera, chi m'aiuta | ||
24b. | Aria Rosina Dove fuggo, ove m'ascondo | ||
SCENA VII | |||
25. | Recitativo Conte, Villotto Ah ehe perfida donna! | ||
26. | Aria Villotto Già la morte in manto nero | ||
SCENA VIII | |||
27. | Recitativo Conte, Lisetta Ed accio non mi resti per colei | ||
28. | Recitativo accompagnato ed Aria Conte Ah non m'inganno | ||
29. | Recitativo Lisetta Oh vedete che flemma | ||
SCENA IX | |||
30a. | Recitativo accompagnato Rosina Eccomi giunta al colm | ||
30b. | Aria Rosina Care spiagge, selve, addio | ||
30c. | Recitativo accompagnato Rosina Caro figlio, partiamo | ||
SCENA X | |||
31. | Recitativo Masino, Villotto Giro di qua, di là | ||
32. | Finale IIdo Villotto, Lisetta, Masino Animo risoluto | ||
SCENA XI | |||
(Finale IIdo) Lisetta, Baronessa, Ernesto Masino, deh senti | |||
SCENA XII | |||
(Finale IIdo) Masino, Villotto, Ernesto, Baronessa, Lisetta Perfido, indegno |
|||
SCENA XIII | |||
(Finale IIdo) Conte, Rosina Ah dov'è la mia Rosina? | |||
(Finale IIdo) Baronessa, Lisetta, Ernesto, Masino, Villotto Che stupore |
|||
(Finale IIdo) Baronessa, Ernesto, Villotto, Rosina, Conte, Lisetta, Masino Ah pettegola sfacciata |
|||
(Finale IIdo) Rosina, Baronessa, Lisetta, Ernesto, Conte, Masino, Villotto Già per l'aria a poco a poco |
|||
ATTO TERZO | |||
SCENA I | |||
33. | Recitativo Conte, Rosina Che donna ingannatrice! | ||
34. | Duetto Conte, Rosina Rosina, vezzosina | ||
SCENA UTLIMA | |||
35. |
Recitativo Ernesto, Baronessa, Conte, Villotto, Masino, Lisetta, Rosina Si, mia cara |
||
36. |
Coro Rosina, Baronessa, Lisetta, Conte, Ernesto, Masino, Villotto Benché gema un'alma oppressa |
||
Synopsis

Synopsis
Act 1
The Baronessa Irena, Marchese Ernesto, Villotto, a rich nobleman, and the maid Lisetta land with their boat near a fishing village after a heavy storm. The aim of their journey is marriage. The Baronessa Irena is looking for Rosina in order to marry her to Villotto. The marriage is to put an end to a grievance that has lasted for years.
The fishing village also happens to be the home of Rosina and her brother Masino who, together with other fishermen, rush to help the guests.
Already at the first exchange of courtesies, Rosina is upset when she learns that the Baronessa is Conte Errico’s aunt. Without further ado, the Baronessa then introduces Villotto as her future husband.
Villotto is convinced of the marriage and describes himself as her ‘husband’, but he is immediately put down by Masino.
However, Villotto is unimpressed by Masino’s behaviour. At that moment, Conte Errico appears and, with a concealed pistol, tells Villotto to give up Rosina. At the same time, Masino is being blackmailed by Ernesto, who is using a concealed knife, to force his sister to marry Villotto. Ernesto is pursuing his own goals and expects something from this liaison: the hand of the Baronessa. With a pistol pointed at him, it is not easy for Villotto to keep a cool head and he begins to waver. Finally, the Baronessa persuades him to marry Rosina, but is not aware that he is being threatened with a gun. Villotto is completely in pieces.
Naturally, Masino, who has also been threatened with death, behaves in a confused manner. Now Lisetta interferes in events and takes Masino’s side, because she has taken a liking to him.
In the next scene, the Conte meets Rosina alone for the first time. She reveals that they are in fact married. This explains the Baronessa’s wicked wedding plans. She wants to ruin her nephew’s marriage to Rosina, which does not befit his status. For the time being, the Conte coldly rejects Rosina, but soon begins to falter. His burgeoning feelings are abruptly stifled by Villotto’s appearance, and he offers Rosina to Villotto, but Vilotto declares that he has had enough of all the chaos and is turning to the life of a soldier. Then the Conte’s mood changes once again.
Lisetta, in turn, understands Rosina’s dislike of Villotto, whereupon Rosina explains the whole story of her hapless marriage to the Conte. What makes things even more complicated is that a child was born of this still-binding marriage.
In the following first finale, Rosina, Villotto and Masino once again explain their respective positions, which leads in a dispute.
This quarrel is briefly interrupted by a love duet between Ernesto and the Baronessa. Rosina, Villotto and Masino, who then join them, become involved in the scene, sparking a war of words between all five. Ernesto and the Baronessa withdraw, but not before threatening Rosina again. Rosina also withdraws. Villotto wants to follow her but is prevented from doing so by Masino.
Lisetta, who now arrives, warns the two of the Conte, who is after them. The three run away, disturbed.
In a dramatic scene, Rosina asks the Conte to kill her, which of course upsets him and makes him aware of his feelings for Rosina again, and leads to them getting back together.
This is noticed by the Baronessa, who clearly wants to destroy their relationship by tempting the Conte with the prospect of another, future wife. Horrified, Rosina recognises her situation: the Conte seems to be turning away from her again.
Act 2
The second act begins with a classic misunderstanding. Ernesto asks Rosina for help in winning the Baronessa. This is observed by the Baronessa, the Conte, Lisetta and Villotto and interpreted as an insidious breach of trust. Everyone seems to have it in for Rosina. The agitated Conte takes drastic measures: he orders Villotto to kill Rosina and her brother Masino. Only Lisetta’s descriptions of Rosina’s state of mind seem to stir the Count a little. However, he does not take back his order to have her murdered.
In the meantime Rosina has decided to go away with her child.
In his search for Rosina, Villotto finds her sleeping brother, who he intends to kill immediately, as instructed.
He prepares to carry out the Conte’s orders, but he hesitates and is then stopped by Lisetta. With all the intrigues, the situation is spiralling out of control, and everyone seems to have lost their bearings. Nevertheless, for the time being, they decide to search for Rosina.
The Conte also goes in search of Rosina and for the first time meets his child, who leads him to Rosina and the two are reconciled once again.
Meanwhile, the couple have been found by the others. The Conte explains the situation and his feelings for Rosina, which the Baronessa, Ernesto and Villotto refuse to accept. The second finale ends with all sorts of threats.
Act 3
The Baronessa still strives to carry out her perfidious plan to drive the happy couple apart. She gives both the Conte and Rosina forged farewell letters from each other, but the nefarious plan is quickly As a result, the Baronessa gives in to Rosina’s ‘vera costanza’ (‘true constancy’) and everything turns out for the better.16